Known for the Belize Barrier Reef (considered one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world), gorgeous rainforests and jungles, and so much more, this is a country that you want to know more about, especially Belize History.
In fact, Belize, located on the Caribbean Sea, is home to some of the most protected regions in Central America. Belize protects a total of 40% of the land mass. But that’s Belize today. What about Belize history?
Foundation as a Colony
When we go back to our history we see that there were very few superpowers in the world. And each of those began stretching their borders and claiming new territories quite early. That’s where Belize history begins as well.
Belize wasn’t always known as Belize. In fact, when we look at Belize history we start with the Mayan world. It actually started somewhere between 1500 BC and 300 AD. From there, it thrived for over 600 years, until approximately 900 AD.
After the fall of the Mayan empire and the loss of that once great civilization, the area that would one day be known as Belize was virtually abandoned. British sailors (aka Pirates) began to settle the Belize coast in the 1650’s. These Pirates (now called ‘Baymen’) helped to establish the region as a settlement and ultimately a territory over the next 224 years.
Though their settlements only covered a small section of the region; Belize City and St. George’s Caye.
Finally, in 1862, the region became known as a British colony named British Honduras.
Belize History: Making Its Own Mark
Now, even before becoming a colony, British Honduras was recognized by countries around the world. Specifically, the United States developed a consulate there, on March 3, 1847.
Over 100 years of Belize history later, in 1964, British Honduras was considered a self-governing colony. But it was yet another 9 years before it stopped being known as ‘British Honduras.’ That was when it finally came to be known as Belize. June 1, 1973, the region finally came into its own, considered the last colony of the United Kingdom on the American mainland.
Even still, it wasn’t until September 21, 1981, 119 years after becoming a colony, that British Honduras actually gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Yet this only took so long because of Guatemala. The country refused to recognize Belize’s status because of ongoing territorial disputes.
Making Belize History
Now, let’s back up a little bit and talk about some of the interesting things that happened in this beautiful region while all of this was taking place. Some of the most important things in Belize history occurred throughout the span between discovery by the British and declaring independence.
Like the establishment of trade, the most famous battle to occur in the region, and those ongoing territorial disputes with Guatemala.
The Establishment of Trade in Belize
Upon landing in Belize for the first time, British pirates soon discovered that the region was filled with timber. But not just any timber. It was filled with logwood, which was a highly valued commodity in Europe.
By the time the 1770’s came around, however, the British had discovered that logwood wasn’t the only thing prevalent in their beautiful colony. There was also mahogany, and it quickly became the principal export of the region. In fact, mahogany may be what allowed Belize to build their strong economy, until something else took over the trade market.
That was the early 1900’s, when crops like citrus, bananas, and sugar cane, which grew plentiful in this region, allowed the export business to boom. And yet, these are all exports and offerings of Belize history that have lasted to the modern day.
The Battle of St. George’s Caye
September 10th, 1798
This was a full 160 years after the Baymen first landed in the region and developed a settlement there. It was also 64 years before the region officially became a colony. But it wasn’t all smooth sailing for the British in laying claim to the region.
This day in Belize history was during what is now known as the Anglo-Spanish War. It was actually a two-part war, lasting from 1796-1802 and from 1804-1808 and was part of a larger war known as the ‘Coalition Wars.’ It only ended with an alliance between the two countries. But all of that took place far from the shores of Belize.
What did take place in Belize was one major battle between the Baymen and the Spanish. Occurring at St. George’s Caye, this battle marked the final time that the British would defend the region. It was an astonishing victory, but it was a great one, allowing the British to fully claim the settlement.
Even today this battle is still celebrated as a national holiday, with festivities and more taking place each year.
Guatemalan Territorial Disputes
But what does Guatemala have to do with all of this? Well, Belize is actually located right alongside Guatemala and, as such, there have been some arguments about where the borders actually exist. Or even if there are any. In fact, the Guatemalan government has proposed changes to their passport that would suggest Belize as part of their country, with a dotted line between countries or no distinction at all!
Guatemala maintains, as of 2024, that Belize is part of their country rather than a country of its own. This belief has even been known to get quite contentious, with both sides refusing to back down.
Mediation efforts have occurred on and off with assistance from CARICOM, the Organization of American States, the United States, and the United Kingdom, at varying times. As of June 2022, the territorial dispute between Guatemala and Belize is currently being settled at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), with both countries having submitted their legal arguments; a final ruling is not expected until at least 2025.
Still considered a Commonwealth of the United Kingdom, the Belizean government is currently headed by King Charles III. It has plenty to offer those who wish to move here, those who wish to visit, and even those who are simply interested in learning more about such a beautiful place.
Belize History Summary
From the ancient Maya civilization to the arrival of European explorers and the struggles for independence, Belize’s history is a tapestry of diverse cultures and remarkable events. The Maya people thrived here, building impressive cities and leaving behind mysterious ruins that still captivate us today. Over time, Belize became a haven for pirates and then a British colony, known as British Honduras. Eventually, the people of Belize fought for their freedom, gaining independence in 1981. Today, Belize embraces its cultural diversity, celebrates its heritage, and invites you to explore its stunning landscapes and vibrant traditions.
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